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Landslides are not just natural disasters—they are often predictable events if we know how to read the terrain. One of the most reliable tools for this is topographic analysis using contour and slope maps. In regions with heavy rainfall and…
In an era where land use is highly contested and environmental concerns are urgent, mining can no longer operate in the dark. While extractive industries provide key resources for economies, they also pose significant risks to ecosystems, water sources, and…
When looking at satellite imagery, the colors you see are not just aesthetic choices—they carry meaning. From red forests to black lakes and orange landscapes, satellite images are powerful tools for monitoring environmental change. But what do these colors actually…
Every year, news and environmental reports mention “hotspots” seen from satellites. These glowing red dots on digital maps often trigger public concern, especially during dry seasons. But what exactly are they? And do they always indicate wildfire? Defining a HotspotA…
Mining is a critical industry that fuels modern infrastructure, technology, and global economies. The path from raw ore beneath the earth’s surface to refined metal in industrial use is a multi-stage process involving science, engineering, and logistics. This journey involves…
Forest MonitoringIn the era of digital transparency and environmental accountability, spatial data has become a powerful tool for activism, policy-making, and sustainable land management. One of the most accessible and widely used tools in this space is QGIS (Quantum GIS)—a…
In today’s global forest management landscape, legality is often treated as the baseline for responsible forest use. Yet one crucial question is often overlooked: What if all forests are legal but not sustainable? The assumption that legality equals sustainability is…
Legal forest governance is essential to preserving biodiversity, protecting indigenous communities, and combating climate change. As global trade in timber and other forest products continues to grow, it becomes increasingly important to verify the legality of forest use permits—both for…
IntroductionIndonesia is home to one of the largest and most valuable mining sites in the world — the Grasberg Mine. Located in Papua, this site plays a strategic role in supplying essential metals to the global market while also contributing…